体能科学

HIIT对心率变异性的影响：从康复到功能恢复

王玉婷 (北京体育大学运动医学与康复学院), 张培珍 (北京体育大学运动医学与康复学院)

摘要


心率变异性（HRV）作为衡量自主神经系统（ANS）功能的重要指标，能够反映交感神经与副交感神经的平衡状态。近年来，随着高强度间歇训练（HIIT）在康复和健康管理中的广泛应用，越来越多的研究关注其对HRV的影响。本篇文章旨在阐明HIIT对HRV的作用机制及其在康复和功能恢复中的应用价值，系统梳理HRV的评价指标，并结合心脏康复、慢性疼痛与肌骨疾病康复等场景，重点分析HRV在指导个体化运动处方制定和效果评估中的意义，为康复方案优化与功能恢复效果提升提供实践参考。研究表明，HIIT不仅能显著提高心肺适能，在提升一般成人及心脏康复人群的HRV方面也具有积极作用，尤其是在增强副交感神经活性、改善心血管功能和提升生活质量方面表现突出。此外，HRV的改善还与慢性疼痛、疲劳和情绪状态的改善相关，提示HIIT在多种疾病类型的康复中具有广泛的适用性。最后，结合训练实践，提出了基于HRV指导的个体化HIIT方案在康复中的应用前景与相关注意事项。总的来说，HIIT通过调节HRV，不仅有助于提升生理机能和适应性，也为实现从“疾病康复”到“功能恢复”的过渡提供了有效支持。

关键词


高强度间歇训练（HIIT）；心率变异性（HRV）；康复；自主神经系统；功能恢复

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参考


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33142/jscs.v6i2.19318

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